Leonardo da Vinci mechanical drum model
Leonardo da Vinci mechanical drum was designed to entertain the guests of one of his employers. The drum was intended to be wheeled around and through a series of mechanisms the drums would automatically beat.
Leonardo da Vinci mechanical drum model
Da Vinci self supporting bridge
Leonardo self supporting bridge was designed while he was under the patronage of Cesare Borgia. Borgia employed Leonardo as his military engineer, in turn, Leonardo would design and build magnificent machines of war. One such machine was Leonardo da Vinci bridge. Its simplicity and genius cannot be underestimated.
Why was the self supporting bridge needed – it requires no specific skills to manufacture the parts, apart from a few men that are handy with an axe ,It can also be carried by a handful of men into any battlefield. It requires no nails or ropes to hold it together – the bridge is self-supporting and would be capable of holding a substantial amount of weight.
Da Vinci self supporting bridge model
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Leonardo da Vinci cam hammer is another example of thinking centuries ahead of his time. This machine would be used extensively for several hundreds of years after his death during the industrial revolution. They would be powered by the Steam engine and could hammer up to twenty times per second. They were used to draw out the sheet metal for ships and armored machines for war such as the tanks in world war I.
Below is his original drawing for the cam hammer –
Leonardo da Vinci’s cam hammer
As you can see it was intended to be hand cranked. This would rotate the cam upon which the hammer mechanisms rest and follows. When the cam is rotated the weight of the hammer ensures that the bar connected to it always wants to be tight up against it due to the force of gravity. Eventually, the hammer and its mechanism follow to cam all the way around until the cam suddenly drops off – this makes the hammer fall also. Below is an animation showing the cam hammer in action –
Hammers like these would continue to be in use until the early 20th century when they were replaced by rolling mills, these were much more powerful and efficient at rolling sheet metal down to its desired dimensions, they rely on the brute force that can be utilized with today’s modern machinery using hydraulics.
Leonardo da Vinci ball bearing was sketched between the years 1498-1500. He designed it to lower the friction between two plates that would be in contact in his other famous design for the Helicopter. His helicopter will never fly like a human unless its power-to-weight ratio is close to being able to lift itself against gravity – which is why birds have such large breasts that their power-to-weight ratio far exceeds that of humans. Although the helicopter design went down like a lead balloon, the ball bearing is a different story.
Leonardo da Vinci’s ball bearing drawing
Leonardos helicopter with bearing
Leonardo da Vinci’s ball bearing (3D view)
Leonardo da Vinci’s ball bearing (bird’s-eye view)
Who invented ball bearings and when was the ball bearing invented – the first known discovery of a ball bearing type device was found in the Roman Empire about 40AD, this was a simple rotating table with balls underneath, presumably to allow the people eating at the table to simply rotate the table to get another foods.
The next known mention of any type of ball bearing was almost 1500 years later with Leonardo’s design. 100 years after Leonardo’s design, Galileo Galileo would also mention an early form of ball bearing. It wouldn’t be until 1792 that there was a patent filed for the “modern” ball bearing – it was granted to the Englishman Philip Vaughn in 1794, and the patent described how iron balls are placed between the wheels and axles of a carriage.
Ball bearings can be found in any machines that has rotary motion, in fact, if you are reading this post on a PC or laptop, there is a ball bearing in the fan cooling the CPU. Ball bearing machines can be found in engines, kitchen appliances, bicycles and a million other machines today. They are so important that the Royal Air Force (RAF) regularly bombed German Ball Bearing Factories during World War II in an effort to try to stop the German War Machine.
Nowadays, ball bearings are created by machine and can attain an accuracy of within thousandths of a millimeter, the smallest of which are used in watches and remote control/RC helicopters. You can learn more about Leonardo’s use of the ball bearing within his helicopter – Leonardo da Vinci Helicopter.
